生锈腐蚀问题​现象表现​

Symptoms of rusting and corrosion problems

济南铁艺护栏生锈腐蚀较为常见，尤其是在长期暴露于室外环境的情况下。生锈初期，铁艺表面会出现一些细小的锈斑，随着时间推移，锈斑逐渐扩大，甚至可能导致部分铁艺部件出现锈穿、断裂等严重情况。在济南的一些老城区，部分居民小区的铁艺护栏由于使用年限较长，生锈问题尤为突出，不仅影响了护栏的美观，还降低了其防护性能。​

Rust and corrosion are common in Jinan wrought iron guardrails, especially when exposed to outdoor environments for a long time. In the early stage of rusting, small rust spots may appear on the surface of the iron piece. Over time, the rust spots gradually expand and may even cause serious problems such as rust penetration and fracture of some iron parts. In some old urban areas of Jinan, the rusting problem of wrought iron guardrails in some residential communities is particularly prominent due to their long service life, which not only affects the appearance of the guardrails but also reduces their protective performance. ​

原因分析​

Cause analysis

材质因素：部分铁艺护栏在选材时，未选用优质钢材。一些劣质钢材本身含碳量过高，杂质较多，抗腐蚀性能较差。例如，在一些小型工程项目中，为降低成本，可能会采用价格低廉的普通钢材制作铁艺护栏，这类钢材在济南多变的气候条件下，容易与空气中的氧气、水分发生化学反应，加速生锈腐蚀。​

Material factor: Some iron guardrails did not use high-quality steel when selecting materials. Some inferior steel materials themselves have high carbon content, more impurities, and poor corrosion resistance. For example, in some small-scale engineering projects, in order to reduce costs, low-priced ordinary steel may be used to make wrought iron guardrails. This type of steel is prone to chemical reactions with oxygen and moisture in the air under the changing climate conditions in Jinan, accelerating rusting and corrosion. ​

表面处理不当：铁艺护栏的表面处理工艺对其防锈性能至关重要。常见的表面处理方式有镀锌、喷漆、烤漆等。若在镀锌过程中，镀锌层厚度不足，无法形成有效的保护膜，就难以抵御外界环境侵蚀。喷漆或烤漆工艺若操作不规范，如漆层厚度不均匀、底层处理不干净等，也会导致铁艺护栏在短时间内出现漆面脱落，进而使钢材暴露生锈。在济南某些施工现场，由于施工人员对表面处理工艺把控不到位，新安装的铁艺护栏在经过一个雨季之后，就开始出现生锈迹象。​

Improper surface treatment: The surface treatment process of wrought iron guardrails is crucial for their rust prevention performance. Common surface treatment methods include galvanizing, painting, baking paint, etc. If the thickness of the galvanized layer is insufficient during the galvanizing process to form an effective protective film, it will be difficult to resist external environmental erosion. If the painting or baking process is not standardized, such as uneven thickness of the paint layer, unclean bottom treatment, etc., it can also cause the paint surface of the wrought iron guardrail to peel off in a short period of time, thereby exposing the steel and rusting. At some construction sites in Jinan, due to inadequate control of surface treatment processes by construction personnel, newly installed wrought iron guardrails began to show signs of rusting after a rainy season. ​

环境因素：济南属于温带季风气候，夏季高温多雨，空气湿度较大，这种潮湿的环境为铁艺生锈创造了有利条件。此外，城市中的工业废气、汽车尾气等污染物中含有酸性物质，与空气中的水分结合形成酸雨，对铁艺护栏具有较强的腐蚀性。例如，在济南的一些工业区周边，铁艺护栏受到酸雨侵蚀的影响更为明显，生锈速度比其他区域更快。

Environmental factors: Jinan belongs to a temperate monsoon climate, with high temperatures and heavy rainfall in summer, and high air humidity. This humid environment creates favorable conditions for rusting of wrought iron. In addition, industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust and other pollutants in cities contain acidic substances that combine with moisture in the air to form acid rain, which has strong corrosiveness to wrought iron guardrails. For example, in some industrial areas around Jinan, the impact of acid rain erosion on wrought iron guardrails is more pronounced, and the rusting rate is faster than in other areas.

结构松动问题​现象表现​

Phenomenon manifestation of structural looseness problem

铁艺护栏结构松动表现为栏杆晃动、连接件松动甚至脱落等情况。在济南的一些公园、广场等地，人们在倚靠或触碰铁艺护栏时，能明显感觉到栏杆晃动，存在较大安全隐患。部分小区的铁艺大门，在长期使用后，门轴、合页等连接件松动，导致大门开合不顺畅，甚至无法正常关闭。

The looseness of the iron guardrail structure is manifested as shaking of the railing, loosening or even detachment of connecting components. In some parks, squares and other places in Jinan, people can clearly feel the shaking of the iron railings when leaning against or touching them, which poses a significant safety hazard. After long-term use, the iron gates in some residential areas have loose connections such as door shafts and hinges, resulting in unsmooth opening and closing of the gates, and even inability to close normally.

原因分析​

Cause analysis

安装不规范：在铁艺护栏安装过程中，若施工人员未按照规范操作，就容易导致结构松动。例如，在固定立柱时，基础浇筑深度不够，或者使用的膨胀螺栓规格过小、数量不足，都无法为护栏提供稳固的支撑，随着时间推移和外力作用，立柱容易出现晃动。在连接栏杆与立柱时，焊接不牢固，焊点过小或存在虚焊现象，也会使栏杆与立柱之间的连接强度降低，从而导致松动。在济南某新建小区的验收过程中，就发现部分铁艺护栏存在立柱基础不牢固的问题，需要重新返工加固。​

Improper installation: During the installation of wrought iron guardrails, if construction personnel do not follow the specifications, it is easy to cause structural looseness. For example, when fixing the column, if the foundation pouring depth is not sufficient, or if the expansion bolts used are too small in size or insufficient in quantity, they cannot provide stable support for the guardrail. Over time and under external forces, the column is prone to shaking. When connecting railings and columns, weak welding, small welding points, or virtual welding can also reduce the connection strength between railings and columns, leading to looseness. During the acceptance process of a newly built residential area in Jinan, it was discovered that some iron guardrails had unstable column foundations and needed to be reworked and reinforced. ​

日常维护缺失：铁艺护栏在使用过程中，需要定期进行维护检查。然而，很多场所对铁艺护栏缺乏日常维护意识。连接件在长期使用过程中，受风吹日晒雨淋等自然因素影响，会出现生锈、变形等情况，若不及时进行紧固或更换，就会导致松动。此外，铁艺护栏可能会遭受人为碰撞，如车辆刮擦、重物撞击等，若受损后未及时修复，也会使结构松动问题加剧。在济南的一些道路两侧，由于部分车辆靠边停车时不小心刮擦到路边的铁艺护栏，导致栏杆变形、连接件松动，但长期未得到修复，安全隐患日益增大。​

Lack of daily maintenance: Iron guardrails require regular maintenance and inspection during use. However, many places lack daily maintenance awareness for wrought iron guardrails. During long-term use, connectors may rust and deform due to natural factors such as wind, sun, and rain. If not tightened or replaced in a timely manner, they may become loose. In addition, wrought iron guardrails may be subject to human collisions, such as vehicle scratches, heavy object impacts, etc. If damaged and not repaired in a timely manner, it can also exacerbate the problem of structural looseness. On both sides of some roads in Jinan, due to some vehicles accidentally scratching the iron guardrails on the roadside when parking, the guardrails have been deformed and the connecting parts have become loose, but they have not been repaired for a long time, and the safety hazards are increasing day by day. ​

设计不合理：部分铁艺护栏在设计阶段，未充分考虑实际使用中的受力情况和环境因素，导致结构设计不合理。例如，栏杆间距过大，在人员倚靠时，栏杆承受的压力过于集中，容易使连接件松动。在一些风力较大的区域，若铁艺护栏的抗风设计不足，长期受强风作用，也会导致结构松动。在济南的一些高层住宅阳台铁艺护栏设计中，若未考虑到高层建筑风荷载较大的特点，就可能出现护栏在大风天气下晃动加剧的情况。

Unreasonable design: Some wrought iron guardrails did not fully consider the actual stress conditions and environmental factors during the design phase, resulting in an unreasonable structural design. For example, if the spacing between railings is too large, the pressure on the railings will be too concentrated when personnel lean against them, which can easily cause the connecting components to loosen. In some areas with strong winds, if the wind resistance design of wrought iron guardrails is insufficient, long-term exposure to strong winds can also lead to structural looseness. In the design of iron railings for balconies in some high-rise residential buildings in Jinan, if the characteristics of high wind loads in high-rise buildings are not taken into account, it may lead to increased shaking of the railings in windy weather.

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