定义与构成

Definition and Composition

轻型钢结构主要用于不承受大载荷的承重建筑，通常采用轻型 H 型钢（焊接或轧制、变截面或等截面）做成门形钢架支承，C 型、Z 型冷弯薄壁型钢作檩条和墙梁，压型钢板或轻质夹芯板作屋面、墙面围护结构，通过高强螺栓、普通螺栓及自攻螺丝等连接件和密封材料组装而成。

Lightweight steel structures are mainly used for load-bearing buildings that do not bear large loads. They are usually supported by portal steel frames made of lightweight H-beams (welded or rolled, variable cross-section or equal cross-section), C-shaped and Z-shaped cold-formed thin-walled steel beams for purlins and wall beams, and profiled steel plates or lightweight sandwich panels for roof and wall enclosure structures. They are assembled with high-strength bolts, ordinary bolts, self tapping screws and sealing materials.

结构形式

structural style

檩条：有实腹式的薄壁型钢檩条、角钢和缀板拼组成的空腹式檩条、桁架式檩条。

Purlins: Hollow purlins and truss purlins composed of thin-walled steel purlins with solid belly, angle steel, and cladding panels.

桁架：形式有三角形、梯形、梭形、三铰拱等，可采用角钢、薄壁型钢、圆管、方管等制作。

Trusses: available in triangular, trapezoidal, shuttle shaped, three hinged arch, etc., can be made of angle steel, thin-walled steel, round tubes, square tubes, etc.

钢架：有单层和多层，杆件有实腹式和格构式，多采用 H 型钢制造。

Steel frame: There are single-layer and multi-layer structures, and the members can be solid belly type or lattice type, mostly made of H-shaped steel.

网架：具有整体性好、刚度大的特点，能有效承受地震等动力荷载。

Grid structure: It has the characteristics of good integrity and high stiffness, and can effectively withstand dynamic loads such as earthquakes.

分类

classification

用薄钢板（厚 6 毫米以下）冷轧的薄壁型钢组成的骨架结构。

A skeleton structure composed of thin-walled steel sections cold-rolled from thin steel plates (with a thickness of less than 6 millimeters).

用断面较小的型钢（如角钢、钢筋、扁钢等）制作桁架，再组成的骨架结构。

A skeleton structure composed of trusses made of smaller cross-sectional steel (such as angle steel, steel bars, flat steel, etc.).

混合使用上述两种方法组成的骨架结构。

A skeleton structure composed of a combination of the above two methods.

优点

advantage

抗震性强：形成 “板肋结构体系”，适用于抗震烈度 8 度以上地区。

Strong seismic resistance: forming a "plate rib structure system", suitable for areas with seismic intensity above 8 degrees.

抗风性好：重量轻、强度高、整体刚性好、变形能力强，可抵抗每秒 70 米的飓风。

Good wind resistance: light weight, high strength, good overall rigidity, strong deformation ability, can resist hurricanes up to 70 meters per second.

耐久性佳：钢骨采用超级防腐高强冷轧镀锌板制造，结构寿命可达 100 年。

Excellent durability: The steel frame is made of super anti-corrosion and high-strength cold-rolled galvanized sheet, with a structural lifespan of up to 100 years.

保温性优：以玻纤棉为主的保温隔热材料，能有效避免 “冷桥” 现象。

Excellent insulation performance: The insulation material mainly made of fiberglass cotton can effectively avoid the phenomenon of "cold bridge".

隔音性好：窗采用中空玻璃，墙体由轻钢龙骨、保温材料、石膏板组成，隔音效果好。

Good sound insulation: The windows are made of insulated glass, and the walls are composed of light steel keel, insulation material, and gypsum board, providing good sound insulation effect.

健康环保：干作业施工，减少污染，材料可回收，符合环保要求。

Health and environmental protection: dry construction, reduce pollution, recyclable materials, and meet environmental protection requirements.

施工快捷：全部干作业，不受季节影响，施工速度快。

Quick construction: All work is done without being affected by seasons, and the construction speed is fast.

应用范围

Application scope

轻型钢结构较多地用于学校、住宅、办公、旅馆、医院以及工厂和仓库等。还适用于一些对建筑空间和功能有特殊要求的场所，如展览馆、体育馆、机场航站楼等的附属建筑或临时建筑。

Light steel structures are commonly used in schools, residences, offices, hotels, hospitals, factories, and warehouses. It is also suitable for places with special requirements for building space and function, such as exhibition halls, sports venues, airport terminals, and other ancillary or temporary buildings.

设计要点

Design points

荷载计算：准确计算恒载，包括结构自重、屋面和墙面材料重量等；合理确定活载，如屋面活荷载、雪荷载、风荷载等。

Load calculation: Accurately calculate the dead load, including the self weight of the structure, the weight of roof and wall materials, etc; Reasonably determine live loads, such as roof live loads, snow loads, wind loads, etc.

构件选型：根据结构受力特点和荷载大小，选择合适的轻型钢构件截面形式和规格。

Component selection: Select the appropriate cross-sectional form and specifications of lightweight steel components based on the structural stress characteristics and load size.

节点设计：确保节点连接可靠，传力明确，满足结构的强度、刚度和稳定性要求。

Node design: Ensure reliable node connections, clear force transmission, and meet the requirements of structural strength, stiffness, and stability.

施工注意事项

Construction precautions

基础施工：保证基础的尺寸、位置和承载力符合设计要求，做好基础的防水和防腐处理。

Basic construction: Ensure that the size, position, and bearing capacity of the foundation meet the design requirements, and do a good job in waterproofing and anti-corrosion treatment of the foundation.

构件安装：构件在运输和吊装过程中，要采取措施防止变形和损坏；严格按照设计和规范要求进行构件的连接和固定。

Component installation: Measures should be taken to prevent deformation and damage during transportation and lifting of components; Strictly follow the design and specification requirements for the connection and fixation of components.

焊接与涂装：焊接人员需具备相应资质，焊接工艺要符合要求；涂装前要对构件表面进行除锈处理，确保涂层的附着力和防腐性能。

Welding and painting: Welding personnel need to have corresponding qualifications, and welding processes must meet the requirements; Before painting, the surface of the component should be treated with rust removal to ensure the adhesion and anti-corrosion performance of the coating.

本文由济南轻型钢结构友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击:http://www.jnghbxg.com的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

This article is a friendly contribution from Jinan Light Steel Structure For more information, please click: http://www.jnghbxg.com Attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.