结构特点

Structural characteristics

轻型钢结构通常采用Q345和Q235钢，且大部分是Q345钢。Q345钢作为常用、成熟的低合金高强度结构用钢，性能优良，可焊性好。除了部分柱底板外，腹板、翼板厚度基本上是4-20mm中薄板，正是对焊接工艺有利的厚度范围。轻钢结构一般不采用箱型、十字型结构，构件绝大部分是H型截面。由于经济、受力、结构的特点，一般不采用轧制H型钢，而大多数都采用焊接H型钢。

Lightweight steel structures typically use Q345 and Q235 steel, with the majority being Q345 steel. Q345 steel, as a commonly used and mature low alloy high-strength structural steel, has excellent performance and good weldability. Except for some column base plates, the thickness of the web and wing plates is basically 4-20mm thin plate, which is a favorable thickness range for the welding process. Light steel structures generally do not use box or cross shaped structures, and the majority of components are H-shaped sections. Due to the characteristics of economy, stress, and structure, rolled H-beams are generally not used, and most of them are welded H-beams.

对于H型实腹梁柱结构，易于实现焊接、装配的自动化。但是除了夹层梁和部分边柱、中间柱为等截面外，大部分构件是变截面形式，这也给焊接的自动化提出了更高的要求。

For H-shaped solid web beam column structures, it is easy to achieve automation of welding and assembly. However, apart from the sandwich beams and some side columns, as well as the intermediate columns, which are of equal cross-section, most components are in a variable cross-section form, which also puts higher requirements on the automation of welding.

切割方法

Cutting method

门式多头火焰切割是翼板开条的主要切割方法，丙烯、丙烷、LPG类新型燃气已逐步取代了乙炔。

Portal multi head flame cutting is the main cutting method for wing opening, and new types of gas such as propylene, propane, and LPG have gradually replaced acetylene.

腹板由于板厚较薄，而且大多是楔形形状，通常采用数控等离子的切割方法。采用氧气的等离子切割方法，切割速度快，切割质量好，但对消耗电极的要求更高。

Due to its thin thickness and mostly wedge-shaped shape, the web plate is usually cut using CNC plasma cutting method. The plasma cutting method using oxygen has fast cutting speed and good cutting quality, but has higher requirements for electrode consumption.

腹板的切割质量对构件的装焊质量有很大的影响。由于板厚较薄，切割后的变形或残余应力，将导致腹板的波浪型变形。切割边缘的质量会直接影响腹板与翼板间角焊缝的施焊和焊缝质量。

The cutting quality of the web plate has a significant impact on the assembly and welding quality of the components. Due to the thin thickness of the plate, the deformation or residual stress after cutting will lead to wavy deformation of the web. The quality of cutting edges directly affects the welding and quality of the fillet weld between the web and wing plates.

焊接方法

welding method 

焊接工艺和生产流程取决于H型钢的组立、腹板和翼板间的主焊缝的焊接，因组立方法、焊接方法和焊接位置而异。如机头移动或工件移动;水平位置或船型位置;单机头或双机头;单丝或双丝等。

The welding process and production process depend on the assembly of H-shaped steel, the welding of the main weld between the web and wing plates, and vary depending on the assembly method, welding method, and welding position. If the machine head moves or the workpiece moves; Horizontal position or ship type position; Single head or dual head; Single or double filament, etc.

对干薄板结构来说，气体保护焊无疑是理想的焊接方法。因此，除了拼板采用埋弧自动焊外，其余板件装焊大都采用气体保护焊。特别是富氩混合气体保护焊，由于成型好、飞溅小，对轻钢结构更为适宜。

Gas shielded welding is undoubtedly an ideal welding method for dry thin plate structures. Therefore, except for the use of submerged arc automatic welding for panel assembly, gas shielded welding is mostly used for the assembly and welding of other panel components. Especially for argon rich mixed gas shielded welding, it is more suitable for light steel structures due to its good forming and low splashing.

涂装

Painting

为防止在堆放、运输和安装过程中，不再锈蚀，并为进一步涂装打基础，构件焊接完成后需进行预处理并喷涂底漆。

To prevent rusting during stacking, transportation, and installation, and to lay the foundation for further painting, pre treatment and primer spraying are required after welding of the components.

构件表面处理除锈质量等级要求达到Sa2.0～Sa2.5以上。根据构件所处环境介质的不同，选择防锈底漆。轻钢结构底漆主要是醇酸类的，也可以是环氧富锌类的。在安装工地根据需要再涂刷面漆或防火涂料。

The quality level of rust removal for component surface treatment is required to reach Sa2.0 to Sa2.5 or above. Choose a rust resistant primer based on the different environmental media in which the components are located. The primer for light steel structures is mainly alkyd or epoxy zinc rich. Apply topcoat or fireproof coating as needed at the installation site.

轻钢结构主要是H型实腹梁柱结构，因而表面处理和涂装工艺较简单，也容易实现机械化流水作业。表面处理采用抛丸工艺，滚道式或悬挂式送进方式。喷漆一般为手工操作，结合悬挂式抛丸，也可是半机械化的流水线作业。

The light steel structure is mainly an H-shaped solid web beam column structure, so the surface treatment and coating process are relatively simple, and it is also easy to achieve mechanized assembly line operations. The surface treatment adopts shot blasting process, with roller track or suspension feeding method. Spray painting is generally manual operation, combined with hanging shot blasting, or a semi mechanized assembly line operation.

喷漆前的表面处理，对构件底漆防腐效果非常关键，而漆膜厚度和均匀性将直接影响构件的防腐性能。

The surface treatment before painting is crucial for the anti-corrosion effect of the component primer, and the thickness and uniformity of the paint film will directly affect the anti-corrosion performance of the component.

主要工艺问题

Main process issues

由于轻钢结构和重钢结构在钢种、板厚、结构形式多方面有着很大的区别，因而在焊接制作上所面临的主要难点和问题也有很大的区别。

Due to the significant differences between light steel structures and heavy steel structures in terms of steel type, plate thickness, and structural form, there are also significant differences in the main difficulties and problems faced in welding production.

本文由济南轻型钢结构的为您提供，我们的网站是:http://www.jnghbxg.com将以全心全意的热情为您提供服务，欢迎您的访问！

This article is provided by Jinan Light Steel Structure Co., Ltd. Our website is: http://www.jnghbxg.com We will provide you with wholehearted enthusiasm and welcome your visit!