Common Quality Accidents and Causes of Light Steel Structures

　　钢结构的抗拉和抗压强度相对较高,组件部分很小,重量轻,结构性能好,施工速度快,环境污染小,因此,钢结构工程适用于各种结构形式和地方。总结了轻钢结构工程常见的质量事故及原因。

　　Steel structure has relatively high tensile and compressive strength, small component parts, light weight, good structural performance, fast construction speed and less environmental pollution. Therefore, steel structure engineering is suitable for various structural forms and places. Common quality accidents and their causes in light steel structure engineering are summarized.

　　济南轻型钢结构工程常见的质量事故

　　Common Quality Accidents in Light Steel Structural Engineering

　　01. 常见的工程质量事故

　　01. Common engineering quality accidents

　　(1)构件弯曲变形或部分断裂;

　　(1) Bending deformation or partial fracture of members;

　　(2)构件密封板或锥头焊缝连接损坏;

　　(2) Damage of sealing plate or taper head weld connection of components;

　　(3关节变形或者断裂;

　　(3) joint deformation or fracture;

　　(4)缝不饱满或者有超过规定标准的气泡、夹渣、微裂纹;

　　(4) The seams are not full or there are bubbles, slag inclusions and microcracks that exceed the prescribed standards;

　　(5)高强度螺栓从球节处断裂或拔出;

　　(5) The high strength bolt breaks or pulls out from the ball joint;

　　(6)构件在节点处相互碰撞，支撑网构件在上弦支承时与支撑结构碰撞;

　　(6) Components collide with each other at joints, and support network components collide with support structure when supporting the upper chord.

　　(7)轴承节点位移;

　　(7) Bearing node displacement;

　　(8)网架挠度过大，超过设计中规定的相应设计值的1.15倍。

　　(8) The deflection of the space truss is too large, which exceeds 1.15 times of the corresponding design value stipulated in the design.

　　济南轻型钢结构

　　2. 刚构体工程中常见的质量事故

　　2. Common quality accidents in rigid frame engineering

　　(1)主要部件的变形和变形;

　　(1) Deformation and deformation of main components;

　　(2)预埋件不符合图纸和规范要求，高差、间距超过标准;

　　(2) Embedded parts do not meet the requirements of drawings and specifications, and the height difference and spacing exceed the standard.

　　(3)钢框架整体垂直度与整体平面弯曲偏差超差，柱端板孔不对应，尺寸不对齐;

　　(3) The deviation between the overall verticality and the overall plane bending of the steel frame is excessive, and the holes in the end plates of the columns do not correspond to each other, and the dimensions are not uniform.

　　(4)主应力节点焊缝不饱满或有气泡、夹渣、微裂纹超过规定标准;

　　(4) The weld seam of the principal stress joint is not full or there are bubbles, slag inclusions and microcracks exceeding the prescribed standards.

　　(5)辅助稳定结构，如:支架、拉杆、角撑等。

　　(5) Auxiliary stabilization structure, such as bracket, tie rod, angle brace, etc.

　　(6)二次元件不符合质量要求。

　　(6) The secondary components do not meet the quality requirements.

　　济南轻型钢结构

　　更主要的原因

　　The main reason

　　1. 设计原因

　　1. Design Reasons

　　(1)结构形式选择不合理，杆件截面匹配不合理，忽略了杆件初始弯曲、初始偏心和二次应力的影响，设计时低、缺载或荷载组合计算不当;

　　(1) The selection of structural forms is unreasonable, the cross-section matching of members is unreasonable, the influence of initial bending, initial eccentricity and secondary stress of members is neglected, and the calculation of low, lack of load or load combination is inappropriate in design.

　　(2)选材不合理;

　　(2) unreasonable selection of materials;

　　(3)计算方法选择、假设条件、计算机程序未发现错误;

　　(3) No errors were found in the selection of calculation methods, assumptions and computer programs.

　　(4)结构设计计算后，不经复核，擅自更换材料，导致构件超设计强度;

　　(4) After structural design calculation, the material is replaced without review, which leads to the component exceeding the design strength.

　　(5)图纸错误或不完整。尺寸标注混乱，设计说明不明确，遗漏材料、工艺要求、施工程序和有特殊要求的部件的;

　　(5) The drawings are incorrect or incomplete. Dimension labeling is confused, design instructions are not clear, materials, process requirements, construction procedures and components with special requirements are omitted.

　　(6)节点构造错误，细节考虑不充分。

　　(6) The construction of nodes is wrong and the details are not fully considered.

　　2. 工作的原因

　　2. Reasons for Work

　　(1)管理混乱，规格、钢号、材料混用;

　　(1) Confused management, mixed use of specifications, steel grades and materials;

　　(2)零件切割尺寸错误，零件纵横比不符合设计要求;

　　(2) The cutting dimension of the parts is wrong, and the aspect ratio of the parts does not meet the design requirements.

　　(3)切割槽未打孔对接时，网架杆焊缝未按设计要求内衬或焊接;

　　(3) When the cutting groove is not drilled and docked, the welding seam of the grid pole is not lined or welded according to the design requirements.

　　(4)连接高强螺栓不合格;

　　(4) Unqualified connecting high-strength bolts;

　　(5)零件加工缺陷，螺栓球孔角度偏差较大;

　　(5) Machining defect of parts, big deviation of bolt hole angle;

　　(6)焊缝质量差，焊接角度尺寸不符合设计要求。

　　(6) The quality of the weld is poor and the dimension of the welding angle does not meet the design requirements.

　　3. 网络框架安装原因

　　3. Reasons for Network Framework Installation

　　(1)地面拼装时，支撑点不均匀，受力不合理，拼装过程中误差积累，部分杆件出现错误，导致受力变化，导致网架或部分杆件变形。

　　(1) When assembling on the ground, the support points are not uniform, the force is unreasonable, the errors accumulate in the assembling process, and some of the members have errors, resulting in changes in the force, leading to the deformation of the grid or some of the members.

　　(2)焊接工艺和焊接顺序错误，导致焊接应力和变形。

　　(2) The welding process and welding sequence are wrong, resulting in welding stress and deformation.

　　(3)在整体吊装过程中，吊装点的选择不合理，吊装点没有反力校核计算，杆件超应力校核计算，挠度校核计算，超应力点没有必要的加固措施。

　　(3) In the whole hoisting process, the selection of hoisting point is unreasonable, the hoisting point has no reaction checking calculation, the bar overstress checking calculation, deflection checking calculation, and the overstress point has no necessary reinforcement measures.

　　(4)在整体吊装过程中，各吊装点的吊装速度不同，位移和高差超过允许范围，造成变形和损坏。

　　(4) In the whole hoisting process, the hoisting speed of each hoisting point is different, and the displacement and height difference exceed the allowable range, resulting in deformation and damage.

　　(5)施工方案选择错误。根据网架的结构形式和现场施工条件，不合理选择施工方案。安装过程中不能形成几何不变的系统，造成变形和破坏。

　　(5) Error in selection of construction scheme. According to the structure form of grid structure and site construction conditions, the construction scheme is unreasonably selected. Geometric invariant system can not be formed during installation, resulting in deformation and damage.

　　(6)预埋件、预埋螺栓或支撑网架的柱子偏差较大，使其难以就位。就位力的大小会引起构件受力状态的变化和变形。

　　(6) Pre-embedded parts, pre-embedded bolts or pillars supporting space trusses have large deviations, which make it difficult to put them in place. The magnitude of the in-situ force will cause the change and deformation of the member's stress state.

　　(7)安装人员粗心，杆位和球角错误。

　　(7) Installers are careless, pole position and ball angle are wrong.

　　(8)在上弦杆支承情况下，误差积累过大，导致支承位移和腹板与支承面碰撞。

　　(8) When the upper chord is supported, the accumulation of errors is too large, resulting in support displacement and web collision with the supporting surface.

　　4. 安装刚性框架的原因

　　4. Reasons for Installation of Rigid Frames

　　(1)长构件在运输和堆放过程中垫层放置不均匀，导致变形变形。

　　(1) Uneven cushion placement of long members during transportation and stacking results in deformation and deformation.

　　(2)预埋螺栓位置不正确，安装过程中没有复测或修正，导致柱、梁变形变形，钢框架整体垂直度、平面弯曲度超差。

　　(2) The position of embedded bolts is incorrect, and there is no re-measurement or correction during installation, which results in deformation of columns and beams, and the overall verticality and plane bending of steel frames are out of tolerance.

　　(3)柱端板孔位不对应或位置不正确。安装时端板未对准，螺栓未按顺序紧固。

　　(3) The hole position of column end plate is not corresponding or the position is incorrect. The end plate is not aligned and the bolts are not tightened in sequence.

　　(4)未按焊接程序操作或现场焊接中焊工技术问题导致焊缝不饱满或有气泡、夹渣、微裂纹。

　　(4) Failure to operate in accordance with welding procedures or technical problems of welders in field welding results in unsaturated welds or air bubbles, slag inclusion and microcracks.

　　(5)安装过程中图纸理解不到位，导致个别零件位置错误。

　　(5) In the installation process, the drawings are not understood properly, resulting in errors in the position of individual parts.

　　(6)安装前没有根据项目的实际情况制定详细的施工计划和技术说明，导致施工过程的颠倒。

　　(6) Before installation, detailed construction plans and technical instructions were not formulated according to the actual situation of the project, which led to the reversal of the construction process.

　　(7)施工不按顺序进行，下一道工序施工钢框架结构不稳定，造成整体不稳定。

　　(7) The construction is not carried out in sequence, and the steel frame structure is unstable in the next working procedure, resulting in overall instability.

　　(8)钢柱刚与插入柱基础连接时，混凝土无法达到强度或柱脚固定不牢固，上部构件安装，导致结构失稳。

　　(8) When the steel column is rigidly connected with the inserting column foundation, the concrete can not reach the strength or the column foot is not fixed firmly, and the upper components are installed, resulting in structural instability.

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